Where things sit, and why. Every entry states the evidence behind its position, because a radar without reasoning is an opinion in a diagram. Positions reflect what these technologies do and what their own documentation commits to - not popularity.
Every technology with a recorded relationship, plus the concepts that connect them, in one graph - the holistic view the radar below zooms into one axis of.
Choose a starting point, then follow a recorded connection.
Use the map to decide what to read next: compare alternatives, look into a listed dependency or find a complementary tool and the concepts linked to it. Lanes group entries by category and sort them alphabetically, so position does not signal importance or a reading order.
These are editorial recorded associations, not live topology or universal dependencies. Each arrow runs from the entry that records a relationship to the entry it names. It does not show traffic, execution order or a verified deployment.
This view shows 56 technologies and 63 concepts joined by 479 directed records.
Every arrow points from the entry that owns a record to the entry it references. Reciprocal records stay separate, and the line pattern identifies the field, not strength or certainty. The linked guides give the context; a record on its own does not explain technical necessity.
dependsOn)usedBy)alternatives)complements)seeAlso)technologies)A filled dot leads to a guide or concept explanation; a hollow dot leads to a relationship profile. The number on a card counts its direct records in this view. Selecting a card highlights only those direct records, not a transitive dependency tree.
Technologies appear when they have at least 1 outgoing record before filtering. Concepts appear when they have at least one outgoing concept or technology record, and the category filter does not apply to them. Connections to entries outside this view are not drawn, so absence here does not mean that no relationship exists.
Each sentence names the record owner first, then the referenced entry. A connection appears under both endpoints for lookup, without reversing its meaning. This view and its links work without JavaScript.
AI
A2A Protocol AI
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
Claude Code AI
Open relationship profile: Claude Code
9 direct recorded connections in this view.
CrewAI AI
Open relationship profile: CrewAI
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Cursor AI
Open relationship profile: Cursor
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Daytona AI
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
E2B AI
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Embedding model AI
Open relationship profile: Embedding model
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
AI (continued)
GitHub Copilot AI
Open relationship profile: GitHub Copilot
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
LangChain AI
9 direct recorded connections in this view.
LangGraph AI
19 direct recorded connections in this view.
Modal AI
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Model Context Protocol AI
Open guide: Model Context Protocol
20 direct recorded connections in this view.
OpenAI Agents SDK AI
Open relationship profile: OpenAI Agents SDK
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
RAG AI
9 direct recorded connections in this view. 2 further records touch entries outside this view.
AI (continued)
llm-d AI
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
vLLM AI
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: AI
A2A Concepts: AI
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Agent Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Agent
14 direct recorded connections in this view.
Agent harness Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Agent harness
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Alignment Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Alignment
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Artificial intelligence Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Artificial intelligence
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
Attention Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Attention
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Context compaction Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Context compaction
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: AI (continued)
Context window Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Context window
13 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Deep learning Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Deep learning
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Disaggregated serving Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Disaggregated serving
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Distillation Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Distillation
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Embedding Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Embedding
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Evals Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Evals
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Fine-tuning Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Fine-tuning
6 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Concepts: AI (continued)
Hallucination Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Hallucination
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Inference Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Inference
10 direct recorded connections in this view.
KV cache Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: KV cache
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
LLM-as-a-judge Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: LLM-as-a-judge
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
MCP Concepts: AI
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Machine learning Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Machine learning
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Multimodal AI Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Multimodal AI
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: AI (continued)
Neural network Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Neural network
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Parameter Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Parameter
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Progressive disclosure Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Progressive disclosure
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
Quantisation Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Quantisation
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Reasoning Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Reasoning
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Reinforcement learning Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Reinforcement learning
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Retrieval-augmented generation Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Retrieval-augmented generation
11 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: AI (continued)
Sandbox isolation Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Sandbox isolation
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
Synthetic data Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Synthetic data
2 direct recorded connections in this view.
Token Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Token
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Tool calling Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Tool calling
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Training Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Training
11 direct recorded connections in this view.
Transformer Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Transformer
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Vector database Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Vector database
4 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Concepts: AI (continued)
Vector search Concepts: AI
Open concept explanation: Vector search
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: AI security
Excessive agency Concepts: AI security
Open concept explanation: Excessive agency
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Prompt injection Concepts: AI security
Open concept explanation: Prompt injection
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Databases
Bloat and vacuum Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Bloat and vacuum
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Foreign key Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Foreign key
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Index Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Index
10 direct recorded connections in this view.
Isolation levels Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Isolation levels
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
MVCC Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: MVCC
11 direct recorded connections in this view.
Normalisation Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Normalisation
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Primary key Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Primary key
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Databases (continued)
Replication lag Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Replication lag
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Schema Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Schema
12 direct recorded connections in this view.
Shard key Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Shard key
2 direct recorded connections in this view.
Stored procedure Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Stored procedure
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Transaction Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Transaction
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Transaction ID wraparound Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Transaction ID wraparound
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Trigger Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Trigger
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Databases (continued)
View Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: View
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Write amplification Concepts: Databases
Open concept explanation: Write amplification
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Distributed systems
Backpressure Concepts: Distributed systems
Open concept explanation: Backpressure
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Consensus Concepts: Distributed systems
Open concept explanation: Consensus
5 direct recorded connections in this view. 2 further records touch entries outside this view.
Eventual consistency Concepts: Distributed systems
Open concept explanation: Eventual consistency
5 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Fencing Concepts: Distributed systems
Open concept explanation: Fencing
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Quorum Concepts: Distributed systems
Open concept explanation: Quorum
11 direct recorded connections in this view. 2 further records touch entries outside this view.
Split brain Concepts: Distributed systems
Open concept explanation: Split brain
10 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Middleware
Connection pooling Concepts: Middleware
Open concept explanation: Connection pooling
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Observability
Cardinality Concepts: Observability
Open concept explanation: Cardinality
2 direct recorded connections in this view.
Concepts: Security
Least privilege Concepts: Security
Open concept explanation: Least privilege
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Data Engineering
Apache Airflow Data Engineering
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Apache Iceberg Data Engineering
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
Apache Kafka Data Engineering
9 direct recorded connections in this view.
Apache Spark Data Engineering
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
Confluent Schema Registry Data Engineering
Open guide: Confluent Schema Registry
2 direct recorded connections in this view.
Debezium Data Engineering
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
dbt Data Engineering
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Database
CouchDB Database
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
DynamoDB Database
1 direct recorded connection in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
InfluxDB Database
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
MariaDB Database
27 direct recorded connections in this view.
Memcached Database
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
Milvus Database
9 direct recorded connections in this view.
MongoDB Database
10 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Database (continued)
MySQL Database
22 direct recorded connections in this view.
Oracle Database Database
2 direct recorded connections in this view.
PostgreSQL Database
55 direct recorded connections in this view.
Qdrant Database
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
SQL Server Database
16 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Snowflake Database
3 direct recorded connections in this view.
TimescaleDB Database
5 direct recorded connections in this view.
Database (continued)
Valkey Database
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
pg-jev Database
7 direct recorded connections in this view.
pgvector Database
20 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Infrastructure
Kubernetes Infrastructure
18 direct recorded connections in this view. 2 further records touch entries outside this view.
etcd Infrastructure
15 direct recorded connections in this view. 2 further records touch entries outside this view.
Middleware
Galera Cluster Middleware
Open relationship profile: Galera Cluster
8 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
HAProxy Middleware
14 direct recorded connections in this view. 2 further records touch entries outside this view.
Patroni Middleware
17 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
PgBouncer Middleware
14 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Pgpool-II Middleware
9 direct recorded connections in this view.
ProxySQL Middleware
Open relationship profile: ProxySQL
9 direct recorded connections in this view.
keepalived Middleware
11 direct recorded connections in this view. 1 further record touches an entry outside this view.
Observability
Braintrust Observability
Open relationship profile: Braintrust
4 direct recorded connections in this view.
LangSmith Observability
Open relationship profile: LangSmith
11 direct recorded connections in this view.
Langfuse Observability
Open relationship profile: Langfuse
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Prometheus Observability
6 direct recorded connections in this view.
Pattern
Bespoke tool APIs Pattern
Open relationship profile: Bespoke tool APIs
2 direct recorded connections in this view.
Systems
Containers Systems
Open relationship profile: Containers
8 direct recorded connections in this view.
Linux Systems
41 direct recorded connections in this view.
Proven in production, well documented, and the default choice unless something specific rules it out.
Five concurrently supported major versions with published EOL dates through 2030, and an extension model that covers vector search, time series and geospatial without a second data store.
EvidenceAutomatic failover backed by distributed consensus rather than heuristics. Three maintained branches with coordinated releases. The commitment it implies is explicit: the consensus store enters the availability path of the database.
EvidenceSingle-purpose and stable. Since 1.24.0 protocol-level prepared statements are on by default, which removed the main reason teams avoided transaction mode.
EvidenceRouting on Patroni's REST health endpoints is documented and deterministic. Note that HAProxy publishes no default for its client, server and connect timeouts - unset means infinite.
EvidenceThe standard consensus store for both Kubernetes and Patroni. Adopt with the disk requirement understood: it is fsync-bound, and its latency expectations become the availability characteristics of whatever depends on it.
EvidencePull-based metrics with a documented data model. The constraint to design around is cardinality: a time series is identified by its full label set, so one unbounded label multiplies series count.
EvidenceThe 2026 edition is openly licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 and reordered on incident evidence rather than opinion - Excessive Agency climbed to third because that is where damage is landing. It gives teams shared vocabulary for risks that otherwise get argued about informally.
EvidenceNot a choice. Obligations phase in on fixed dates - prohibitions from 2 February 2025, general-purpose AI and penalties from 2 August 2025, the general application date 2 August 2026 - with fines up to EUR 35 000 000 or 7% of worldwide turnover under Article 99(3).
EvidenceThe default way to ground a model in specific knowledge without retraining. Adopt with authorisation applied before retrieval rather than filtering afterwards: a chunk supplied to the model cannot be unsupplied.
EvidenceWorth using deliberately on a project that can absorb the learning cost. Documented and stable, but with sharp edges.
Removes a separate vector store for workloads already on PostgreSQL. The caveat is real: approximate indexes change which results are returned, so recall has to be measured rather than assumed.
EvidenceA usable structure for AI risk work and a US government publication in the public domain. It remains voluntary for the private sector, so it organises effort rather than compelling it.
EvidenceAn open standard for connecting models to tools, resources and prompts over JSON-RPC 2.0, with stdio and Streamable HTTP transports, supported by Claude, ChatGPT, VS Code and Cursor. Trial rather than Adopt because the specification is still moving: protocol version 2026-07-28 made the protocol stateless, added a mandatory server/discover request, and deprecated sampling.
EvidenceTracing and evaluation tooling such as LangSmith, Langfuse and Braintrust makes non-deterministic behaviour measurable, which is a precondition for changing a prompt or model safely. Trial rather than Adopt because the category is young and lock-in is real: traces and eval datasets are the asset, so check they can be exported.
EvidenceUnderstand it and track it. Not yet a default, or the trade-offs are still moving.
Edition limits, not features, decide the architecture. The Express database size cap and the Standard edition memory ceiling constrain design before any code is written, and core-based licensing makes the obvious remedy expensive.
EvidenceDoes pooling, load balancing and failover in one process, and is actively maintained across five branches. The cost is that it parses SQL to route it, and its failover behaviour is a second system to reason about. PgBouncer plus Patroni separates those concerns.
EvidenceGiving a model tools moves it from component to actor and changes the security model entirely. OWASP moved Excessive Agency to third in 2026 on incident evidence. Deploy behind per-action approval for anything irreversible until the failure modes are understood.
EvidenceAgents that read and write a codebase are the clearest case of a model acting rather than answering, so the controls that matter are the ones in LLM06: bounded permissions, review before irreversible actions, and credentials scoped to the task. The tools change faster than any page about them can be kept current, so understand the failure modes rather than the feature lists.
EvidenceLangGraph, CrewAI and the OpenAI Agents SDK all wrap the same loop of model call, tool dispatch and state handling. The differences that matter in production are checkpointing, retry and observability, not the orchestration syntax. Assess with a workload that can absorb a framework change.
EvidenceDo not start new work on this. Existing use is not necessarily urgent to replace.
Applies to: On cloud virtual networks specifically. Adopt on physical networks.
Sound on physical and traditional virtual networks, but VRRP depends on multicast and gratuitous ARP. Azure documents no Layer 2 semantics and permits only TCP, UDP, ESP, AH and ICMP; Google documents no VPC multicast; AWS documents no broadcast. Use a cloud load balancer instead on those networks.
EvidenceFiltering as a primary defence does not survive an adaptive attacker. Nasr et al. (2025) found static attack success near zero while adaptive success exceeded 90% against most of twelve recent defences. Filter if you like, but bound the blast radius instead of relying on detection.
EvidenceVendor-published comparative benchmarks are marketing artefacts unless the methodology and workload are published and reproducible. Measure on your own workload; a number you cannot reproduce is not evidence.
EvidencePositions are judgements, not measurements. They are argued from documented behaviour, published support policies and standards text, each linked above, and they will change as those change. Disagreement that cites better evidence is welcome.